post batch changes

deepface/DeepFace.py

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ def represent(
     normalization: str = "base",
     anti_spoofing: bool = False,
     max_faces: Optional[int] = None,
-) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+) -> Union[List[Dict[str, Any]], List[List[Dict[str, Any]]]]:
     """
     Represent facial images as multi-dimensional vector embeddings.
 
@@ -423,8 +423,9 @@ def represent(
         max_faces (int): Set a limit on the number of faces to be processed (default is None).
 
     Returns:
-        results (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries, each containing the
+        results (List[Dict[str, Any]] or List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries.
-            following fields:
+            Result type becomes List of List of Dict if batch input passed.
+            Each containing the following fields:
 
         - embedding (List[float]): Multidimensional vector representing facial features.
             The number of dimensions varies based on the reference model

deepface/models/Demography.py

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ class Demography(ABC):
                     with x = image width, y = image height and c = channel
                 The channel dimension will be 1 if input is grayscale. (For emotion model)
         """
-        if not self.model_name: # Check if called from derived class
+        if not self.model_name:  # Check if called from derived class
             raise NotImplementedError("no model selected")
         assert img_batch.ndim == 4, "expected 4-dimensional tensor input"
 
-        if img_batch.shape[0] == 1: # Single image
+        if img_batch.shape[0] == 1:  # Single image
             # Predict with legacy method.
             return self.model(img_batch, training=False).numpy()[0, :]
 
@@ -48,10 +48,8 @@ class Demography(ABC):
         return self.model.predict_on_batch(img_batch)
 
     def _preprocess_batch_or_single_input(
-        self,
+        self, img: Union[np.ndarray, List[np.ndarray]]
-        img: Union[np.ndarray, List[np.ndarray]]
     ) -> np.ndarray:
-
         """
         Preprocess single or batch of images, return as 4-D numpy array.
         Args:

deepface/models/demography/Age.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from deepface.commons.logger import Logger
 
 logger = Logger()
 
-# ----------------------------------------
 # dependency configurations
 
 tf_version = package_utils.get_tf_major_version()
@@ -25,12 +24,11 @@ else:
     from tensorflow.keras.models import Model, Sequential
     from tensorflow.keras.layers import Convolution2D, Flatten, Activation
 
-# ----------------------------------------
-
 WEIGHTS_URL = (
     "https://github.com/serengil/deepface_models/releases/download/v1.0/age_model_weights.h5"
 )
 
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 class ApparentAgeClient(Demography):
     """
@@ -59,11 +57,10 @@ class ApparentAgeClient(Demography):
         age_predictions = self._predict_internal(imgs)
 
         # Calculate apparent ages
-        if len(age_predictions.shape) == 1: # Single prediction list
+        if len(age_predictions.shape) == 1:  # Single prediction list
             return find_apparent_age(age_predictions)
 
-        return np.array([
+        return np.array([find_apparent_age(age_prediction) for age_prediction in age_predictions])
-            find_apparent_age(age_prediction) for age_prediction in age_predictions])
 
 
 def load_model(
@@ -100,6 +97,7 @@ def load_model(
 
     return age_model
 
+
 def find_apparent_age(age_predictions: np.ndarray) -> np.float64:
     """
     Find apparent age prediction from a given probas of ages
@@ -108,7 +106,9 @@ def find_apparent_age(age_predictions: np.ndarray) -> np.float64:
     Returns:
         apparent_age (float)
     """
-    assert len(age_predictions.shape) == 1, f"Input should be a list of predictions, \
+    assert (
+        len(age_predictions.shape) == 1
+    ), f"Input should be a list of predictions, \
                                              not batched. Got shape: {age_predictions.shape}"
     output_indexes = np.arange(0, 101)
     apparent_age = np.sum(age_predictions * output_indexes)

deepface/modules/demography.py

@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@ def analyze(
                 batch_resp_obj.append(resp_obj)
             return batch_resp_obj
 
-
     # if actions is passed as tuple with single item, interestingly it becomes str here
     if isinstance(actions, str):
         actions = (actions,)

deepface/modules/representation.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def represent(
     normalization: str = "base",
     anti_spoofing: bool = False,
     max_faces: Optional[int] = None,
-) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+) -> Union[List[Dict[str, Any]], List[List[Dict[str, Any]]]]:
     """
     Represent facial images as multi-dimensional vector embeddings.
 
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ def represent(
         max_faces (int): Set a limit on the number of faces to be processed (default is None).
 
     Returns:
-        results (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries, each containing the
+        results (List[Dict[str, Any]] or List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries.
-            following fields:
+            Result type becomes List of List of Dict if batch input passed.
+            Each containing the following fields:
 
         - embedding (List[float]): Multidimensional vector representing facial features.
             The number of dimensions varies based on the reference model
@@ -80,14 +81,10 @@ def represent(
     else:
         images = [img_path]
 
-    batch_images = []
+    batch_images, batch_regions, batch_confidences, batch_indexes = [], [], [], []
-    batch_regions = []
-    batch_confidences = []
 
-    for single_img_path in images:
+    for idx, single_img_path in enumerate(images):
-        # ---------------------------------
+        # we have run pre-process in verification. so, skip if it is coming from verify.
-        # we have run pre-process in verification.
-        # so, this can be skipped if it is coming from verify.
         target_size = model.input_shape
         if detector_backend != "skip":
             img_objs = detection.extract_faces(
@@ -130,6 +127,7 @@ def represent(
         for img_obj in img_objs:
             if anti_spoofing is True and img_obj.get("is_real", True) is False:
                 raise ValueError("Spoof detected in the given image.")
+
             img = img_obj["face"]
 
             # bgr to rgb
@@ -151,22 +149,25 @@ def represent(
             batch_images.append(img)
             batch_regions.append(region)
             batch_confidences.append(confidence)
+            batch_indexes.append(idx)
 
     # Convert list of images to a numpy array for batch processing
     batch_images = np.concatenate(batch_images, axis=0)
 
     # Forward pass through the model for the entire batch
     embeddings = model.forward(batch_images)
-    if len(batch_images) == 1:
-        embeddings = [embeddings]
 
-    for embedding, region, confidence in zip(embeddings, batch_regions, batch_confidences):
+    for idx in range(0, len(images)):
-        resp_objs.append(
+        resp_obj = []
-            {
+        for idy, batch_index in enumerate(batch_indexes):
-                "embedding": embedding,
+            if idx == batch_index:
-                "facial_area": region,
+                resp_obj.append(
-                "face_confidence": confidence,
+                    {
-            }
+                        "embedding": embeddings if len(batch_images) == 1 else embeddings[idy],
-        )
+                        "facial_area": batch_regions[idy],
+                        "face_confidence": batch_confidences[idy],
+                    }
+                )
+        resp_objs.append(resp_obj)
 
-    return resp_objs
+    return resp_objs[0] if len(images) == 1 else resp_objs

tests/test_analyze.py

@@ -144,26 +144,39 @@ def test_analyze_for_different_detectors():
                 else:
                     assert result["gender"]["Man"] < result["gender"]["Woman"]
 
-def test_analyze_for_batched_image():
+
-    img = "dataset/img4.jpg"
+def test_analyze_for_numpy_batched_image():
+    img1_path = "dataset/img4.jpg"
+    img2_path = "dataset/couple.jpg"
+
     # Copy and combine the same image to create multiple faces
-    img = cv2.imread(img)
+    img1 = cv2.imread(img1_path)
-    img = np.stack([img, img])
+    img2 = cv2.imread(img2_path)
-    assert len(img.shape) == 4 # Check dimension.
+
-    assert img.shape[0] == 2 # Check batch size.
+    expected_num_faces = [1, 2]
+
+    img1 = cv2.resize(img1, (500, 500))
+    img2 = cv2.resize(img2, (500, 500))
+
+    img = np.stack([img1, img2])
+    assert len(img.shape) == 4  # Check dimension.
+    assert img.shape[0] == 2  # Check batch size.
 
     demography_batch = DeepFace.analyze(img, silent=True)
     # 2 image in batch, so 2 demography objects.
     assert len(demography_batch) == 2
 
-    for demography_objs in demography_batch:
+    for i, demography_objs in enumerate(demography_batch):
-        assert len(demography_objs) == 1 # 1 face in each image
+
-        for demography in demography_objs: # Iterate over faces
+        assert len(demography_objs) == expected_num_faces[i]
-            assert type(demography) == dict # Check type
+        for demography in demography_objs:  # Iterate over faces
+            assert isinstance(demography, dict)  # Check type
             assert demography["age"] > 20 and demography["age"] < 40
-            assert demography["dominant_gender"] == "Woman"
+            assert demography["dominant_gender"] in ["Woman", "Man"]
+
     logger.info("✅ test analyze for multiple faces done")
 
+
 def test_batch_detect_age_for_multiple_faces():
     # Load test image and resize to model input size
     img = cv2.resize(cv2.imread("dataset/img1.jpg"), (224, 224))
@@ -176,6 +189,7 @@ def test_batch_detect_age_for_multiple_faces():
     assert np.array_equal(int(results[0]), int(results[1]))
     logger.info("✅ test batch detect age for multiple faces done")
 
+
 def test_batch_detect_emotion_for_multiple_faces():
     # Load test image and resize to model input size
     img = cv2.resize(cv2.imread("dataset/img1.jpg"), (224, 224))
@@ -187,6 +201,7 @@ def test_batch_detect_emotion_for_multiple_faces():
     assert np.array_equal(results[0], results[1])
     logger.info("✅ test batch detect emotion for multiple faces done")
 
+
 def test_batch_detect_gender_for_multiple_faces():
     # Load test image and resize to model input size
     img = cv2.resize(cv2.imread("dataset/img1.jpg"), (224, 224))
@@ -198,6 +213,7 @@ def test_batch_detect_gender_for_multiple_faces():
     assert np.array_equal(results[0], results[1])
     logger.info("✅ test batch detect gender for multiple faces done")
 
+
 def test_batch_detect_race_for_multiple_faces():
     # Load test image and resize to model input size
     img = cv2.resize(cv2.imread("dataset/img1.jpg"), (224, 224))

tests/test_represent.py

@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@ logger = Logger()
 def test_standard_represent():
     img_path = "dataset/img1.jpg"
     embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path)
+    # type should be list of dict
+    assert isinstance(embedding_objs, list)
+
     for embedding_obj in embedding_objs:
+        assert isinstance(embedding_obj, dict)
+
         embedding = embedding_obj["embedding"]
         logger.debug(f"Function returned {len(embedding)} dimensional vector")
         assert len(embedding) == 4096
@@ -25,18 +30,18 @@ def test_standard_represent():
 def test_standard_represent_with_io_object():
     img_path = "dataset/img1.jpg"
     default_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path)
-    io_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(open(img_path, 'rb'))
+    io_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(open(img_path, "rb"))
     assert default_embedding_objs == io_embedding_objs
 
     # Confirm non-seekable io objects are handled properly
-    io_obj = io.BytesIO(open(img_path, 'rb').read())
+    io_obj = io.BytesIO(open(img_path, "rb").read())
     io_obj.seek = None
     no_seek_io_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(io_obj)
     assert default_embedding_objs == no_seek_io_embedding_objs
 
     # Confirm non-image io objects raise exceptions
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Failed to decode image'):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Failed to decode image"):
-        DeepFace.represent(io.BytesIO(open(r'../requirements.txt', 'rb').read()))
+        DeepFace.represent(io.BytesIO(open(r"../requirements.txt", "rb").read()))
 
     logger.info("✅ test standard represent with io object function done")
 
@@ -57,6 +62,27 @@ def test_represent_for_skipped_detector_backend_with_image_path():
     logger.info("✅ test represent function for skipped detector and image path input backend done")
 
 
+def test_represent_for_preloaded_image():
+    face_img = "dataset/img5.jpg"
+    img = cv2.imread(face_img)
+    img_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path=img)
+    # type should be list of dict
+    assert isinstance(img_objs, list)
+    assert len(img_objs) >= 1
+
+    for img_obj in img_objs:
+        assert isinstance(img_obj, dict)
+        assert "embedding" in img_obj.keys()
+        assert "facial_area" in img_obj.keys()
+        assert isinstance(img_obj["facial_area"], dict)
+        assert "x" in img_obj["facial_area"].keys()
+        assert "y" in img_obj["facial_area"].keys()
+        assert "w" in img_obj["facial_area"].keys()
+        assert "h" in img_obj["facial_area"].keys()
+        assert "face_confidence" in img_obj.keys()
+    logger.info("✅ test represent function for skipped detector and preloaded image done")
+
+
 def test_represent_for_skipped_detector_backend_with_preloaded_image():
     face_img = "dataset/img5.jpg"
     img = cv2.imread(face_img)
@@ -85,40 +111,106 @@ def test_max_faces():
     assert len(results) == max_faces
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", [
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "VGG-Face", 
+    "model_name",
-    "Facenet", 
+    [
-    "SFace", 
+        "VGG-Face",
-])
+        "Facenet",
-def test_batched_represent(model_name):
+        "SFace",
+    ],
+)
+def test_batched_represent_for_list_input(model_name):
     img_paths = [
         "dataset/img1.jpg",
         "dataset/img2.jpg",
         "dataset/img3.jpg",
         "dataset/img4.jpg",
         "dataset/img5.jpg",
+        "dataset/couple.jpg",
     ]
 
-    embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path=img_paths, model_name=model_name)
+    expected_faces = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2]
-    assert len(embedding_objs) == len(img_paths), f"Expected {len(img_paths)} embeddings, got {len(embedding_objs)}"
 
-    if model_name == "VGG-Face":
+    batched_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path=img_paths, model_name=model_name)
+
+    # type should be list of list of dict for batch input
+    assert isinstance(batched_embedding_objs, list)
+
+    assert len(batched_embedding_objs) == len(
+        img_paths
+    ), f"Expected {len(img_paths)} embeddings, got {len(batched_embedding_objs)}"
+
+    # the last one has two faces
+    for idx, embedding_objs in enumerate(batched_embedding_objs):
+        # type should be list of list of dict for batch input
+        # batched_embedding_objs was list already, embedding_objs should be list of dict
+        assert isinstance(embedding_objs, list)
         for embedding_obj in embedding_objs:
-            embedding = embedding_obj["embedding"]
+            assert isinstance(embedding_obj, dict)
-            logger.debug(f"Function returned {len(embedding)} dimensional vector")
-            assert len(embedding) == 4096, f"Expected embedding of length 4096, got {len(embedding)}"
 
-    embedding_objs_one_by_one = [
+        assert expected_faces[idx] == len(
-        embedding_obj
+            embedding_objs
-        for img_path in img_paths
+        ), f"{img_paths[idx]} has {expected_faces[idx]} faces, but got {len(embedding_objs)} embeddings!"
-        for embedding_obj in DeepFace.represent(img_path=img_path, model_name=model_name) 
+
+    for idx, img_path in enumerate(img_paths):
+        single_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path=img_path, model_name=model_name)
+        # type should be list of dict for single input
+        assert isinstance(single_embedding_objs, list)
+        for embedding_obj in single_embedding_objs:
+            assert isinstance(embedding_obj, dict)
+
+        assert len(single_embedding_objs) == len(batched_embedding_objs[idx])
+
+        for alpha, beta in zip(single_embedding_objs, batched_embedding_objs[idx]):
+            assert np.allclose(
+                alpha["embedding"], beta["embedding"], rtol=1e-2, atol=1e-2
+            ), "Embeddings do not match within tolerance"
+
+    logger.info(f"✅ test batch represent function with string input for model {model_name} done")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "model_name",
+    [
+        "VGG-Face",
+        "Facenet",
+        "SFace",
+    ],
+)
+def test_batched_represent_for_numpy_input(model_name):
+    img_paths = [
+        "dataset/img1.jpg",
+        "dataset/img2.jpg",
+        "dataset/img3.jpg",
+        "dataset/img4.jpg",
+        "dataset/img5.jpg",
+        "dataset/couple.jpg",
     ]
-    for embedding_obj_one_by_one, embedding_obj in zip(embedding_objs_one_by_one, embedding_objs):
+    expected_faces = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2]
-        assert np.allclose(
-            embedding_obj_one_by_one["embedding"], 
-            embedding_obj["embedding"],
-            rtol=1e-2,
-            atol=1e-2
-        ), "Embeddings do not match within tolerance"
 
-    logger.info(f"✅ test batch represent function for model {model_name} done")
+    imgs = []
+    for img_path in img_paths:
+        img = cv2.imread(img_path)
+        img = cv2.resize(img, (1000, 1000))
+        img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
+        # print(img.shape)
+        imgs.append(img)
+
+    imgs = np.array(imgs)
+    assert imgs.ndim == 4 and imgs.shape[0] == len(img_paths)
+
+    batched_embedding_objs = DeepFace.represent(img_path=imgs, model_name=model_name)
+
+    # type should be list of list of dict for batch input
+    assert isinstance(batched_embedding_objs, list)
+    for idx, batched_embedding_obj in enumerate(batched_embedding_objs):
+        assert isinstance(batched_embedding_obj, list)
+        # it also has to have the expected number of faces
+        assert len(batched_embedding_obj) == expected_faces[idx]
+        for embedding_obj in batched_embedding_obj:
+            assert isinstance(embedding_obj, dict)
+
+    # we should have the same number of embeddings as the number of images
+    assert len(batched_embedding_objs) == len(img_paths)
+
+    logger.info(f"✅ test batch represent function with numpy input for model {model_name} done")