From 359162aa5e9993e6b8bfe9008b0e8a079eea9271 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sefik Ilkin Serengil <serengil@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 18:10:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] details about return types

---
 deepface/basemodels/ArcFace.py        |  3 +-
 deepface/basemodels/DeepID.py         |  3 +-
 deepface/basemodels/Dlib.py           |  3 +-
 deepface/basemodels/Facenet.py        |  5 +--
 deepface/basemodels/FbDeepFace.py     |  3 +-
 deepface/basemodels/OpenFace.py       |  3 +-
 deepface/basemodels/SFace.py          |  4 +--
 deepface/basemodels/VGGFace.py        |  3 +-
 deepface/commons/functions.py         | 17 +++++----
 deepface/detectors/DetectorWrapper.py | 17 +++++++--
 deepface/detectors/Dlib.py            | 19 ++++++++--
 deepface/detectors/FastMtCnn.py       | 33 ++++++++++++-----
 deepface/detectors/MediaPipe.py       | 31 +++++++++++-----
 deepface/detectors/MtCnn.py           | 32 ++++++++++++-----
 deepface/detectors/OpenCv.py          | 23 +++++++++---
 deepface/detectors/RetinaFace.py      | 21 +++++++++--
 deepface/detectors/Ssd.py             | 24 ++++++++++---
 deepface/detectors/Yolo.py            | 23 +++++++++---
 deepface/detectors/YuNet.py           | 25 ++++++++++---
 deepface/models/Detector.py           | 52 ++++++++++++---------------
 deepface/models/FacialRecognition.py  |  4 +--
 deepface/modules/detection.py         | 36 +++++++++++++++++--
 22 files changed, 284 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)

diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/ArcFace.py b/deepface/basemodels/ArcFace.py
index 2a59636..bb639f3 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/ArcFace.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/ArcFace.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import gdown
 import numpy as np
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class ArcFaceClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_model()
         self.model_name = "ArcFace"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with ArcFace model
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/DeepID.py b/deepface/basemodels/DeepID.py
index 71b10b1..8b4a7d5 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/DeepID.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/DeepID.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import gdown
 import numpy as np
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class DeepIdClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_model()
         self.model_name = "DeepId"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with DeepId model
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/Dlib.py b/deepface/basemodels/Dlib.py
index 6ccfec8..6d06ef4 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/Dlib.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/Dlib.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import bz2
 import gdown
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ class DlibClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = DlibResNet()
         self.model_name = "Dlib"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with Dlib model - different than regular models
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/Facenet.py b/deepface/basemodels/Facenet.py
index 1c3dac8..d95da02 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/Facenet.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/Facenet.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import gdown
 import numpy as np
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class FaceNet128dClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_facenet128d_model()
         self.model_name = "FaceNet-128d"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with FaceNet-128d model
         Args:
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class FaceNet512dClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_facenet512d_model()
         self.model_name = "FaceNet-512d"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with FaceNet-512d model
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/FbDeepFace.py b/deepface/basemodels/FbDeepFace.py
index 30a8aec..075626b 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/FbDeepFace.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/FbDeepFace.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import zipfile
 import gdown
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class DeepFaceClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_model()
         self.model_name = "DeepFace"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with OpenFace model
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/OpenFace.py b/deepface/basemodels/OpenFace.py
index 1ba4d1c..3867291 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/OpenFace.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/OpenFace.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import gdown
 import tensorflow as tf
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ class OpenFaceClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_model()
         self.model_name = "OpenFace"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with OpenFace model
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/SFace.py b/deepface/basemodels/SFace.py
index 2a59ccb..ba8b55e 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/SFace.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/SFace.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, List
 
 import numpy as np
 import cv2 as cv
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class SFaceClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_model()
         self.model_name = "SFace"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with SFace model - different than regular models
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/basemodels/VGGFace.py b/deepface/basemodels/VGGFace.py
index fa548a1..80d6d87 100644
--- a/deepface/basemodels/VGGFace.py
+++ b/deepface/basemodels/VGGFace.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List
 import os
 import gdown
 import numpy as np
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class VggFaceClient(FacialRecognition):
         self.model = load_model()
         self.model_name = "VGG-Face"
 
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         """
         find embeddings with VGG-Face model
         Args:
diff --git a/deepface/commons/functions.py b/deepface/commons/functions.py
index 22b76f1..dc2a5b2 100644
--- a/deepface/commons/functions.py
+++ b/deepface/commons/functions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-from typing import Union, Tuple
+from typing import Union, Tuple, List
 import base64
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -140,9 +140,9 @@ def extract_faces(
     grayscale: bool = False,
     enforce_detection: bool = True,
     align: bool = True,
-) -> list:
-    """Extract faces from an image.
-
+) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, dict, float]]:
+    """
+    Extract faces from an image.
     Args:
         img: a path, url, base64 or numpy array.
         target_size (tuple, optional): the target size of the extracted faces.
@@ -157,7 +157,12 @@ def extract_faces(
         ValueError: if face could not be detected and enforce_detection is True.
 
     Returns:
-        list: a list of extracted faces.
+        results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, dict, float]]): A list of tuples
+            where each tuple contains:
+            - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+            - face_region (dict): The image region represented as
+                {"x": x, "y": y, "w": w, "h": h}
+            - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
     """
 
     # this is going to store a list of img itself (numpy), it region and confidence
@@ -246,7 +251,7 @@ def extract_faces(
                 "h": int(current_region[3]),
             }
 
-            extracted_face = [img_pixels, region_obj, confidence]
+            extracted_face = (img_pixels, region_obj, confidence)
             extracted_faces.append(extracted_face)
 
     if len(extracted_faces) == 0 and enforce_detection == True:
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/DetectorWrapper.py b/deepface/detectors/DetectorWrapper.py
index 8c3ba91..d061d79 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/DetectorWrapper.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/DetectorWrapper.py
@@ -59,9 +59,20 @@ def detect_faces(detector_backend: str, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) ->
         detector_backend (str): detector name
         img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
         alig (bool): enable or disable alignment after detection
-    Returns
-        result (list): tuple of face (np.ndarray), face region (list)
-            , confidence score (float)
+    Returns:
+        results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+            where each tuple contains:
+            - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+            - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+            - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+    Example:
+        results = [
+            (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+            (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+            (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+        ]
     """
     face_detector: Detector = build_model(detector_backend)
     return face_detector.detect_faces(img=img, align=align)
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/Dlib.py b/deepface/detectors/Dlib.py
index 9d2bcfd..fead85e 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/Dlib.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/Dlib.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
 import os
 import bz2
 import gdown
@@ -55,7 +56,9 @@ class DlibClient(Detector):
         detector["sp"] = sp
         return detector
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with dlib
         Args:
@@ -63,7 +66,19 @@ class DlibClient(Detector):
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         # this is not a must dependency. do not import it in the global level.
         try:
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/FastMtCnn.py b/deepface/detectors/FastMtCnn.py
index 2f037d5..c43ed55 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/FastMtCnn.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/FastMtCnn.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any, Union, List, Tuple
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
 
 # Link -> https://github.com/timesler/facenet-pytorch
 # Examples https://www.kaggle.com/timesler/guide-to-mtcnn-in-facenet-pytorch
@@ -11,14 +12,28 @@ class FastMtCnnClient(Detector):
     def __init__(self):
         self.model = self.build_model()
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with mtcnn
         Args:
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         resp = []
 
@@ -31,16 +46,16 @@ class FastMtCnnClient(Detector):
         )  # returns boundingbox, prob, landmark
         if len(detections[0]) > 0:
 
-            for detection in zip(*detections):
-                x, y, w, h = xyxy_to_xywh(detection[0])
+            for current_detection in zip(*detections):
+                x, y, w, h = xyxy_to_xywh(current_detection[0])
                 detected_face = img[int(y) : int(y + h), int(x) : int(x + w)]
                 img_region = [x, y, w, h]
-                confidence = detection[1]
+                confidence = current_detection[1]
 
                 if align:
-                    left_eye = detection[2][0]
-                    right_eye = detection[2][1]
-                    detected_face = self.align_face(
+                    left_eye = current_detection[2][0]
+                    right_eye = current_detection[2][1]
+                    detected_face = detection.align_face(
                         img=detected_face, left_eye=left_eye, right_eye=right_eye
                     )
 
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/MediaPipe.py b/deepface/detectors/MediaPipe.py
index 73a2fe2..0e067a2 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/MediaPipe.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/MediaPipe.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple
 import numpy as np
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
 
 # Link - https://google.github.io/mediapipe/solutions/face_detection
 
@@ -28,14 +29,28 @@ class MediaPipeClient(Detector):
         face_detection = mp_face_detection.FaceDetection(min_detection_confidence=0.7)
         return face_detection
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with mediapipe
         Args:
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         resp = []
 
@@ -49,11 +64,11 @@ class MediaPipeClient(Detector):
             return resp
 
         # Extract the bounding box, the landmarks and the confidence score
-        for detection in results.detections:
-            (confidence,) = detection.score
+        for current_detection in results.detections:
+            (confidence,) = current_detection.score
 
-            bounding_box = detection.location_data.relative_bounding_box
-            landmarks = detection.location_data.relative_keypoints
+            bounding_box = current_detection.location_data.relative_bounding_box
+            landmarks = current_detection.location_data.relative_keypoints
 
             x = int(bounding_box.xmin * img_width)
             w = int(bounding_box.width * img_width)
@@ -73,7 +88,7 @@ class MediaPipeClient(Detector):
                 img_region = [x, y, w, h]
 
                 if align:
-                    detected_face = self.align_face(
+                    detected_face = detection.align_face(
                         img=detected_face, left_eye=left_eye, right_eye=right_eye
                     )
 
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/MtCnn.py b/deepface/detectors/MtCnn.py
index 8f581ad..aefb5f6 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/MtCnn.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/MtCnn.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 from mtcnn import MTCNN
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
 
-
+# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 class MtCnnClient(Detector):
     """
     Class to cover common face detection functionalitiy for MtCnn backend
@@ -12,14 +14,28 @@ class MtCnnClient(Detector):
     def __init__(self):
         self.model = MTCNN()
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with mtcnn
         Args:
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
 
         resp = []
@@ -32,17 +48,17 @@ class MtCnnClient(Detector):
 
         if len(detections) > 0:
 
-            for detection in detections:
-                x, y, w, h = detection["box"]
+            for current_detection in detections:
+                x, y, w, h = current_detection["box"]
                 detected_face = img[int(y) : int(y + h), int(x) : int(x + w)]
                 img_region = [x, y, w, h]
-                confidence = detection["confidence"]
+                confidence = current_detection["confidence"]
 
                 if align:
-                    keypoints = detection["keypoints"]
+                    keypoints = current_detection["keypoints"]
                     left_eye = keypoints["left_eye"]
                     right_eye = keypoints["right_eye"]
-                    detected_face = self.align_face(
+                    detected_face = detection.align_face(
                         img=detected_face, left_eye=left_eye, right_eye=right_eye
                     )
 
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/OpenCv.py b/deepface/detectors/OpenCv.py
index e70d324..6f1d21c 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/OpenCv.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/OpenCv.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import os
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
 
 
 class OpenCvClient(Detector):
@@ -24,7 +25,9 @@ class OpenCvClient(Detector):
         detector["eye_detector"] = self.__build_cascade("haarcascade_eye")
         return detector
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with opencv
         Args:
@@ -32,7 +35,19 @@ class OpenCvClient(Detector):
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         resp = []
 
@@ -56,7 +71,7 @@ class OpenCvClient(Detector):
 
                 if align:
                     left_eye, right_eye = self.find_eyes(img=detected_face)
-                    detected_face = self.align_face(detected_face, left_eye, right_eye)
+                    detected_face = detection.align_face(detected_face, left_eye, right_eye)
 
                 img_region = [x, y, w, h]
 
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/RetinaFace.py b/deepface/detectors/RetinaFace.py
index 3d2d9ae..0eb8bf1 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/RetinaFace.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/RetinaFace.py
@@ -1,21 +1,36 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
 import numpy as np
 from retinaface import RetinaFace as rf
 from retinaface.commons import postprocess
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
 
-
+# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 class RetinaFaceClient(Detector):
     def __init__(self):
         self.model = rf.build_model()
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with retinaface
         Args:
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         resp = []
 
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/Ssd.py b/deepface/detectors/Ssd.py
index 7847e12..50bc4cd 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/Ssd.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/Ssd.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
 import os
 import gdown
 import cv2
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ import numpy as np
 from deepface.detectors import OpenCv
 from deepface.commons import functions
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
 from deepface.commons.logger import Logger
 
 logger = Logger(module="detectors.SsdWrapper")
@@ -69,14 +71,28 @@ class SsdClient(Detector):
 
         return detector
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with ssd
         Args:
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         resp = []
 
@@ -134,9 +150,9 @@ class SsdClient(Detector):
                 confidence = instance["confidence"]
 
                 if align:
-                    opencv_module: OpenCv.OpenCv = self.model["opencv_module"]
+                    opencv_module: OpenCv.OpenCvClient = self.model["opencv_module"]
                     left_eye, right_eye = opencv_module.find_eyes(detected_face)
-                    detected_face = self.align_face(
+                    detected_face = detection.align_face(
                         img=detected_face, left_eye=left_eye, right_eye=right_eye
                     )
 
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/Yolo.py b/deepface/detectors/Yolo.py
index 5a97db6..44bd4bb 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/Yolo.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/Yolo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple
 import numpy as np
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
 from deepface.commons.logger import Logger
 
 logger = Logger()
@@ -50,7 +51,9 @@ class YoloClient(Detector):
         # Return face_detector
         return YOLO(weight_path)
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = False) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = False
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with yolo
         Args:
@@ -58,7 +61,19 @@ class YoloClient(Detector):
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         resp = []
 
@@ -85,7 +100,7 @@ class YoloClient(Detector):
                     left_eye[1] > LANDMARKS_CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
                     and right_eye[1] > LANDMARKS_CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
                 ):
-                    detected_face = self.align_face(
+                    detected_face = detection.align_face(
                         img=detected_face, left_eye=left_eye[0].cpu(), right_eye=right_eye[0].cpu()
                     )
             resp.append((detected_face, [x, y, w, h], confidence))
diff --git a/deepface/detectors/YuNet.py b/deepface/detectors/YuNet.py
index 41c1764..2f7e973 100644
--- a/deepface/detectors/YuNet.py
+++ b/deepface/detectors/YuNet.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import os
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 import gdown
 from deepface.commons import functions
-from deepface.commons.logger import Logger
 from deepface.models.Detector import Detector
+from deepface.modules import detection
+from deepface.commons.logger import Logger
 
 logger = Logger(module="detectors.YunetWrapper")
 
@@ -41,14 +42,28 @@ class YuNetClient(Detector):
             ) from err
         return face_detector
 
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
         Detect and align face with yunet
         Args:
             img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image
             align (bool): default is true
         Returns:
-            list of detected and aligned faces
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
         # FaceDetector.detect_faces does not support score_threshold parameter.
         # We can set it via environment variable.
@@ -107,6 +122,6 @@ class YuNetClient(Detector):
             detected_face = img[int(y) : int(y + h), int(x) : int(x + w)]
             img_region = [x, y, w, h]
             if align:
-                detected_face = self.align_face(detected_face, (x_re, y_re), (x_le, y_le))
+                detected_face = detection.align_face(detected_face, (x_re, y_re), (x_le, y_le))
             resp.append((detected_face, img_region, confidence))
         return resp
diff --git a/deepface/models/Detector.py b/deepface/models/Detector.py
index 60bf114..b834e9d 100644
--- a/deepface/models/Detector.py
+++ b/deepface/models/Detector.py
@@ -1,42 +1,34 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Union, Optional
 import numpy as np
-from PIL import Image
 
 # Notice that all facial detector models must be inherited from this class
 
 
+# pylint: disable=unnecessary-pass, too-few-public-methods
 class Detector(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
-    def detect_faces(self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True) -> list:
-        pass
-
-    def align_face(
-        self,
-        img: np.ndarray,
-        left_eye: Optional[Union[list, tuple]] = None,
-        right_eye: Optional[Union[list, tuple]] = None,
-    ) -> np.ndarray:
+    def detect_faces(
+        self, img: np.ndarray, align: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]:
         """
-        Align a given image horizantally with respect to their left and right eye locations
+        Detect faces from a given image
         Args:
-            img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image with detected face
-            left_eye (list or tuple): coordinates of left eye with respect to the you
-            right_eye(list or tuple): coordinates of right eye with respect to the you
+            img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image as a NumPy array
+            align (bool): enable or disable alignment after face detection
         Returns:
-            img (np.ndarray): aligned facial image
+            results (List[Tuple[np.ndarray, List[float], float]]): A list of tuples
+                where each tuple contains:
+                - detected_face (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+                - face_region (List[float]): The image region represented as
+                    a list of floats e.g. [x, y, w, h]
+                - confidence (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
+        Example:
+            results = [
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [110, 60, 150, 380], 0.99),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [150, 50, 299, 375], 0.98),
+                (array(..., dtype=uint8), [120, 55, 300, 371], 0.96),
+            ]
         """
-        # if eye could not be detected for the given image, return image itself
-        if left_eye is None or right_eye is None:
-            return img
-
-        # sometimes unexpectedly detected images come with nil dimensions
-        if img.shape[0] == 0 or img.shape[1] == 0:
-            return img
-
-        angle = float(
-            np.degrees(np.arctan2(right_eye[1] - left_eye[1], right_eye[0] - left_eye[0]))
-        )
-        img = Image.fromarray(img)
-        img = np.array(img.rotate(angle))
-        return img
+        pass
diff --git a/deepface/models/FacialRecognition.py b/deepface/models/FacialRecognition.py
index 7f323f4..b49292c 100644
--- a/deepface/models/FacialRecognition.py
+++ b/deepface/models/FacialRecognition.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any, Union, List
 import numpy as np
 from deepface.commons import functions
 
@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ class FacialRecognition(ABC):
     model_name: str
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> list:
+    def find_embeddings(self, img: np.ndarray) -> List[float]:
         pass
diff --git a/deepface/modules/detection.py b/deepface/modules/detection.py
index ae92aaa..1973c56 100644
--- a/deepface/modules/detection.py
+++ b/deepface/modules/detection.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple, Union
 
 # 3rd part dependencies
 import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
 
 # project dependencies
 from deepface.commons import functions
@@ -40,8 +41,11 @@ def extract_faces(
             grayscale (boolean): extracting faces in rgb or gray scale
 
     Returns:
-            list of dictionaries. Each dictionary will have facial image itself (RGB),
-            extracted area from the original image and confidence score.
+        results (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries, where each dictionary contains:
+        - "face" (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+        - "facial_area" (List[float]): The detected face's regions represented as a list of floats.
+        - "confidence" (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
+
 
     """
 
@@ -70,3 +74,31 @@ def extract_faces(
         resp_objs.append(resp_obj)
 
     return resp_objs
+
+
+def align_face(
+    img: np.ndarray,
+    left_eye: Union[list, tuple],
+    right_eye: Union[list, tuple],
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Align a given image horizantally with respect to their left and right eye locations
+    Args:
+        img (np.ndarray): pre-loaded image with detected face
+        left_eye (list or tuple): coordinates of left eye with respect to the you
+        right_eye(list or tuple): coordinates of right eye with respect to the you
+    Returns:
+        img (np.ndarray): aligned facial image
+    """
+    # if eye could not be detected for the given image, return image itself
+    if left_eye is None or right_eye is None:
+        return img
+
+    # sometimes unexpectedly detected images come with nil dimensions
+    if img.shape[0] == 0 or img.shape[1] == 0:
+        return img
+
+    angle = float(np.degrees(np.arctan2(right_eye[1] - left_eye[1], right_eye[0] - left_eye[0])))
+    img = Image.fromarray(img)
+    img = np.array(img.rotate(angle))
+    return img