january 26 improvements

deepface/DeepFace.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import os
 import warnings
 import logging
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple, Union, Optional
 
 # 3rd party dependencies
 import numpy as np
@@ -65,34 +65,49 @@ def verify(
     Args:
         img1_path (str or np.ndarray): Path to the first image. Accepts exact image path
             as a string, numpy array (BGR), or base64 encoded images.
+
         img2_path (str or np.ndarray): Path to the second image. Accepts exact image path
             as a string, numpy array (BGR), or base64 encoded images.
+
         model_name (str): Model for face recognition. Options: VGG-Face, Facenet, Facenet512,
             OpenFace, DeepFace, DeepID, Dlib, ArcFace and SFace (default is VGG-Face).
+
         detector_backend (string): face detector backend. Options: 'opencv', 'retinaface',
-            'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv)
+            'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv).
+
         distance_metric (string): Metric for measuring similarity. Options: 'cosine',
             'euclidean', 'euclidean_l2' (default is cosine).
+
         enforce_detection (boolean): If no face is detected in an image, raise an exception.
             Set to False to avoid the exception for low-resolution images (default is True).
+
         align (bool): Flag to enable face alignment (default is True).
+
         normalization (string): Normalize the input image before feeding it to the model.
             Options: base, raw, Facenet, Facenet2018, VGGFace, VGGFace2, ArcFace (default is base)
+
     Returns:
         result (dict): A dictionary containing verification results with following keys.
+
         - 'verified' (bool): Indicates whether the images represent the same person (True)
             or different persons (False).
+
         - 'distance' (float): The distance measure between the face vectors.
             A lower distance indicates higher similarity.
+
         - 'max_threshold_to_verify' (float): The maximum threshold used for verification.
             If the distance is below this threshold, the images are considered a match.
+
         - 'model' (str): The chosen face recognition model.
+
         - 'similarity_metric' (str): The chosen similarity metric for measuring distances.
+
         - 'facial_areas' (dict): Rectangular regions of interest for faces in both images.
             - 'img1': {'x': int, 'y': int, 'w': int, 'h': int}
                     Region of interest for the first image.
             - 'img2': {'x': int, 'y': int, 'w': int, 'h': int}
                     Region of interest for the second image.
+
         - 'time' (float): Time taken for the verification process in seconds.
     """
 
@@ -122,37 +137,51 @@ def analyze(
         img_path (str or np.ndarray): The exact path to the image, a numpy array in BGR format,
             or a base64 encoded image. If the source image contains multiple faces, the result will
             include information for each detected face.
+
         actions (tuple): Attributes to analyze. The default is ('age', 'gender', 'emotion', 'race').
             You can exclude some of these attributes from the analysis if needed.
+
         enforce_detection (boolean): If no face is detected in an image, raise an exception.
             Set to False to avoid the exception for low-resolution images (default is True).
+
         detector_backend (string): face detector backend. Options: 'opencv', 'retinaface',
             'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv).
+
         distance_metric (string): Metric for measuring similarity. Options: 'cosine',
             'euclidean', 'euclidean_l2' (default is cosine).
+
         align (boolean): Perform alignment based on the eye positions (default is True).
+
         silent (boolean): Suppress or allow some log messages for a quieter analysis process
             (default is False).
+
     Returns:
         results (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries, where each dictionary represents
            the analysis results for a detected face. Each dictionary in the list contains the
            following keys:
+
         - 'region' (dict): Represents the rectangular region of the detected face in the image.
             - 'x': x-coordinate of the top-left corner of the face.
             - 'y': y-coordinate of the top-left corner of the face.
             - 'w': Width of the detected face region.
             - 'h': Height of the detected face region.
+
         - 'age' (float): Estimated age of the detected face.
+
         - 'face_confidence' (float): Confidence score for the detected face.
             Indicates the reliability of the face detection.
+
         - 'dominant_gender' (str): The dominant gender in the detected face.
-            Either "Man" or "Woman."
+            Either "Man" or "Woman".
+
         - 'gender' (dict): Confidence scores for each gender category.
             - 'Man': Confidence score for the male gender.
             - 'Woman': Confidence score for the female gender.
+
         - 'dominant_emotion' (str): The dominant emotion in the detected face.
             Possible values include "sad," "angry," "surprise," "fear," "happy,"
-            "disgust," and "neutral."
+            "disgust," and "neutral"
+
         - 'emotion' (dict): Confidence scores for each emotion category.
             - 'sad': Confidence score for sadness.
             - 'angry': Confidence score for anger.
@@ -161,9 +190,11 @@ def analyze(
             - 'happy': Confidence score for happiness.
             - 'disgust': Confidence score for disgust.
             - 'neutral': Confidence score for neutrality.
+
         - 'dominant_race' (str): The dominant race in the detected face.
             Possible values include "indian," "asian," "latino hispanic,"
             "black," "middle eastern," and "white."
+
         - 'race' (dict): Confidence scores for each race category.
             - 'indian': Confidence score for Indian ethnicity.
             - 'asian': Confidence score for Asian ethnicity.
@@ -190,6 +221,7 @@ def find(
     enforce_detection: bool = True,
     detector_backend: str = "opencv",
     align: bool = True,
+    threshold: Optional[float] = None,
     normalization: str = "base",
     silent: bool = False,
 ) -> List[pd.DataFrame]:
@@ -199,31 +231,51 @@ def find(
         img_path (str or np.ndarray): The exact path to the image, a numpy array in BGR format,
             or a base64 encoded image. If the source image contains multiple faces, the result will
             include information for each detected face.
+
         db_path (string): Path to the folder containing image files. All detected faces
             in the database will be considered in the decision-making process.
+
         model_name (str): Model for face recognition. Options: VGG-Face, Facenet, Facenet512,
             OpenFace, DeepFace, DeepID, Dlib, ArcFace and SFace (default is VGG-Face).
+
         distance_metric (string): Metric for measuring similarity. Options: 'cosine',
             'euclidean', 'euclidean_l2' (default is cosine).
+
         enforce_detection (boolean): If no face is detected in an image, raise an exception.
             Set to False to avoid the exception for low-resolution images (default is True).
+
         detector_backend (string): face detector backend. Options: 'opencv', 'retinaface',
             'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv).
+
         align (boolean): Perform alignment based on the eye positions (default is True).
+
+        threshold (float): Specify a threshold to determine whether a pair represents the same
+            person or different individuals. This threshold is used for comparing distances.
+            If left unset, default pre-tuned threshold values will be applied based on the specified
+            model name and distance metric (default is None).
+
         normalization (string): Normalize the input image before feeding it to the model.
             Options: base, raw, Facenet, Facenet2018, VGGFace, VGGFace2, ArcFace (default is base).
+
         silent (boolean): Suppress or allow some log messages for a quieter analysis process
             (default is False).
+
     Returns:
         results (List[pd.DataFrame]): A list of pandas dataframes. Each dataframe corresponds
             to the identity information for an individual detected in the source image.
             The DataFrame columns include:
+
         - 'identity': Identity label of the detected individual.
+
         - 'target_x', 'target_y', 'target_w', 'target_h': Bounding box coordinates of the
                 target face in the database.
+
         - 'source_x', 'source_y', 'source_w', 'source_h': Bounding box coordinates of the
                 detected face in the source image.
-        - '{model_name}_{distance_metric}': Similarity score between the faces based on the
+
+        - 'threshold': threshold to determine a pair whether same person or different persons
+
+        - 'distance': Similarity score between the faces based on the
                 specified model and distance metric
     """
     return recognition.find(
@@ -234,6 +286,7 @@ def find(
         enforce_detection=enforce_detection,
         detector_backend=detector_backend,
         align=align,
+        threshold=threshold,
         normalization=normalization,
         silent=silent,
     )
@@ -254,27 +307,36 @@ def represent(
         img_path (str or np.ndarray): The exact path to the image, a numpy array in BGR format,
             or a base64 encoded image. If the source image contains multiple faces, the result will
             include information for each detected face.
+
         model_name (str): Model for face recognition. Options: VGG-Face, Facenet, Facenet512,
             OpenFace, DeepFace, DeepID, Dlib, ArcFace and SFace (default is VGG-Face.).
+
         enforce_detection (boolean): If no face is detected in an image, raise an exception.
             Default is True. Set to False to avoid the exception for low-resolution images
             (default is True).
+
         detector_backend (string): face detector backend. Options: 'opencv', 'retinaface',
             'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv).
+
         align (boolean): Perform alignment based on the eye positions (default is True).
+
         normalization (string): Normalize the input image before feeding it to the model.
             Default is base. Options: base, raw, Facenet, Facenet2018, VGGFace, VGGFace2, ArcFace
             (default is base).
+
     Returns:
         results (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries, each containing the
             following fields:
+
         - embedding (np.array): Multidimensional vector representing facial features.
             The number of dimensions varies based on the reference model
             (e.g., FaceNet returns 128 dimensions, VGG-Face returns 4096 dimensions).
+
         - facial_area (dict): Detected facial area by face detection in dictionary format.
             Contains 'x' and 'y' as the left-corner point, and 'w' and 'h'
             as the width and height. If `detector_backend` is set to 'skip', it represents
             the full image area and is nonsensical.
+
         - face_confidence (float): Confidence score of face detection. If `detector_backend` is set
             to 'skip', the confidence will be 0 and is nonsensical.
     """
@@ -355,19 +417,28 @@ def extract_faces(
     Args:
         img_path (str or np.ndarray): Path to the first image. Accepts exact image path
             as a string, numpy array (BGR), or base64 encoded images.
+
         target_size (tuple): final shape of facial image. black pixels will be
             added to resize the image (default is (224, 224)).
+
         detector_backend (string): face detector backend. Options: 'opencv', 'retinaface',
-            'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv)
+            'mtcnn', 'ssd', 'dlib', 'mediapipe', 'yolov8' (default is opencv).
+
         enforce_detection (boolean): If no face is detected in an image, raise an exception.
             Set to False to avoid the exception for low-resolution images (default is True).
+
         align (bool): Flag to enable face alignment (default is True).
+
         grayscale (boolean): Flag to convert the image to grayscale before
             processing (default is False).
+
     Returns:
         results (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of dictionaries, where each dictionary contains:
+
         - "face" (np.ndarray): The detected face as a NumPy array.
+
         - "facial_area" (List[float]): The detected face's regions represented as a list of floats.
+
         - "confidence" (float): The confidence score associated with the detected face.
     """
 

deepface/detectors/Ssd.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from deepface.commons.logger import Logger
 
 logger = Logger(module="detectors.SsdWrapper")
 
-# pylint: disable=line-too-long
+# pylint: disable=line-too-long, c-extension-no-member
 
 
 class SsdClient(Detector):

deepface/detectors/YuNet.py

@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ class YuNetClient(Detector):
         Returns:
             model (Any)
         """
+
+        opencv_version = cv2.__version__.split(".")
+
+        if len(opencv_version) > 2 and int(opencv_version[0]) == 4 and int(opencv_version[1]) < 8:
+            # min requirement: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_zoo/issues/172
+            raise ValueError(f"YuNet requires opencv-python >= 4.8 but you have {cv2.__version__}")
+
         # pylint: disable=C0301
         url = "https://github.com/opencv/opencv_zoo/raw/main/models/face_detection_yunet/face_detection_yunet_2023mar.onnx"
         file_name = "face_detection_yunet_2023mar.onnx"
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ class YuNetClient(Detector):
         """
         # FaceDetector.detect_faces does not support score_threshold parameter.
         # We can set it via environment variable.
-        score_threshold = os.environ.get("yunet_score_threshold", "0.9")
+        score_threshold = float(os.environ.get("yunet_score_threshold", "0.9"))
         resp = []
         detected_face = None
         img_region = [0, 0, img.shape[1], img.shape[0]]

deepface/modules/recognition.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # built-in dependencies
 import os
 import pickle
-from typing import List, Union
+from typing import List, Union, Optional
 import time
 
 # 3rd party dependencies
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def find(
     enforce_detection: bool = True,
     detector_backend: str = "opencv",
     align: bool = True,
+    threshold: Optional[float] = None,
     normalization: str = "base",
     silent: bool = False,
 ) -> List[pd.DataFrame]:
@@ -53,6 +54,11 @@ def find(
 
         align (boolean): Perform alignment based on the eye positions.
 
+        threshold (float): Specify a threshold to determine whether a pair represents the same
+            person or different individuals. This threshold is used for comparing distances.
+            If left unset, default pre-tuned threshold values will be applied based on the specified
+            model name and distance metric (default is None).
+
         normalization (string): Normalize the input image before feeding it to the model.
             Default is base. Options: base, raw, Facenet, Facenet2018, VGGFace, VGGFace2, ArcFace
 
@@ -64,11 +70,16 @@ def find(
             The DataFrame columns include:
 
             - 'identity': Identity label of the detected individual.
+
             - 'target_x', 'target_y', 'target_w', 'target_h': Bounding box coordinates of the
                     target face in the database.
+
             - 'source_x', 'source_y', 'source_w', 'source_h': Bounding box coordinates of the
                     detected face in the source image.
-            - '{model_name}_{distance_metric}': Similarity score between the faces based on the
+
+            - 'threshold': threshold to determine a pair whether same person or different persons
+
+            - 'distance': Similarity score between the faces based on the
                     specified model and distance metric
     """
 
@@ -248,16 +259,15 @@ def find(
             distances.append(distance)
 
             # ---------------------------
+        target_threshold = threshold or dst.findThreshold(model_name, distance_metric)
 
-        result_df[f"{model_name}_{distance_metric}"] = distances
+        result_df["threshold"] = target_threshold
+        result_df["distance"] = distances
 
-        threshold = dst.findThreshold(model_name, distance_metric)
         result_df = result_df.drop(columns=[f"{model_name}_representation"])
         # pylint: disable=unsubscriptable-object
-        result_df = result_df[result_df[f"{model_name}_{distance_metric}"] <= threshold]
+        result_df = result_df[result_df["distance"] <= target_threshold]
-        result_df = result_df.sort_values(
+        result_df = result_df.sort_values(by=["distance"], ascending=True).reset_index(drop=True)
-            by=[f"{model_name}_{distance_metric}"], ascending=True
-        ).reset_index(drop=True)
 
         resp_obj.append(result_df)
 

setup.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ with open("requirements.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
 
 setuptools.setup(
     name="deepface",
-    version="0.0.82",
+    version="0.0.83",
     author="Sefik Ilkin Serengil",
     author_email="serengil@gmail.com",
     description="A Lightweight Face Recognition and Facial Attribute Analysis Framework (Age, Gender, Emotion, Race) for Python",

tests/test_find.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def test_find_with_exact_path():
         assert identity_df.shape[0] > 0
 
         # validate reproducability
-        assert identity_df["VGG-Face_cosine"].values[0] < threshold
+        assert identity_df["distance"].values[0] < threshold
 
         df = df[df["identity"] != img_path]
         logger.debug(df.head())
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_find_with_array_input():
         assert identity_df.shape[0] > 0
 
         # validate reproducability
-        assert identity_df["VGG-Face_cosine"].values[0] < threshold
+        assert identity_df["distance"].values[0] < threshold
 
         df = df[df["identity"] != img_path]
         logger.debug(df.head())
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_find_with_extracted_faces():
         assert identity_df.shape[0] > 0
 
         # validate reproducability
-        assert identity_df["VGG-Face_cosine"].values[0] < threshold
+        assert identity_df["distance"].values[0] < threshold
 
         df = df[df["identity"] != img_path]
         logger.debug(df.head())

tests/visual-test.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ model_names = [
     "SFace",
 ]
 
-detector_backends = ["opencv", "ssd", "dlib", "mtcnn", "retinaface"]
+detector_backends = ["opencv", "ssd", "dlib", "mtcnn", "retinaface", "yunet"]
 
 
 # verification